Morötesi işınlar Elektromanyetik tayfta mor ötesinde yer alan ve dalga boyları (yaklaşık) 4 000 Â ile 200 Â arasında değişen ışınımlar için kullanılır.
Morötesi ışınım. —Polim. Morötesi önleyici madde, morötesi ışınların bozundurucu etkisinden korumak için makromolekül bir malzemeye (plastik madde, elastomer, elyaf) katılan kimyasal ürün.
Morötesi, görünür tayfın mor bölümünden, küçük bir ortak alanda kesiştikleri yumuşak X ışınları bölgesine dek uzanır. Morötesi ışınımlar ile X ışınları arasında temel ayrım yayım mekanizmalarından kaynaklanır. Morötesi ışınımlar atomları, moleküllerin ya da iyonların dış katmanlarındaki elektron geçişlerine karşılık gelir, oysa X ışınlarında, geçişler iç katmanlardaki elektronlardan kaynaklanır. (-» X.) Morötesi tayfı, yakın (dalga boyu Xo> 3 000 Â), orta (2 000o < X < 3 000 Â) ve uzak (X < 2 000 Â) morötesi olmak üzere üç bölüme ayrılır. Çok sayıda doğal (Güneş, yıldızlar) ya da yapay kaynak morötesi ışınım yayımlar.
Yapay kaynaklar (yüksek bir renk sıcaklığı sağlayan) akkor lambalar ve ark lambalarından oluşur. Ancak bu yapay kaynaklar fazla etkili olmadıkları için kimi uygulamalarda cıva buharı lambaları, düşük basınçlı soy gazlardan yararlanılan deşarj lambaları ya da kıvılcımlı kaynaklar kullanılır. Bütün bu kaynaklar genelde yalnızca belirli dalga boylarında ışınımlar yayar. Sürekli bir yayım tayfı elde edebilmek için, hidrojenin ya da 40 ile 200 torr arasında bir basınç altında bulunan soy gazların içinde gerçekleştirilecek deşarjlardan ya da sıcak plazmadan yararlanmak gerekir. Günümüzdeki en evrensel kaynak, senkrotron” ışımasıdır.
Morrisville
Işılkimyasal ve ışılelektrik etkinliklerinin büyük olması nedeniyle morötesi ışınımlar kolaylıkla algılanabilir; ancak cisimler tarafından kuvvetle soğurulması, iletilmeleri açısından kimi sorunlara yol açar. Ayrıca, insan gözünün kişiden kişiye ve yaşa bağlı olarak değişen algılama sınırı, morötesi ışınımların geçtikleri (özellikle kristal yapılı) ortamlarda soğurulmasına karşılık gelir. Morötesi ışınımların varlığını, bu ışınımların gümüş tuzları üzerindeki ışılkimyasal etkisini gözlemleyen J. W. Rit-ter ortaya koymuştur. Yakın ve orta bölgelerin incelenmesinde kuvars prizmalar ve alışılagelmiş fotoğraf levhaları kullanılır. Tayfın uzak bölgesi ise farklı gereçlerin (X = 1 230 A’e kadar saydamlığını koruyan lityun\fluorür) ya da özel tekniklerin (dik [200 A’e kadar] ya da sıyıran [40 Â’e kadar] yansıma durumunda kullanılan kırınım ağlan) kullanımını gerektirir.
Morötesi ışınımların başlıca uygulama alanları ışıklandırma (bir gaz içinde gerçekleştirilen elektrik deşarjı yoluyla uyarılan flüorışıl tüpler), röprografi, mikrosko-pi (en iyi çözme), ozon üretimi, cisimlerin Wood ışığı ya da siyah ışık tarafından görünür hale getirilmesi, yayımların tayfkim yasal çözümlemesi, soğurulma tayfölçümü ve kısa dalga boylu bir ışıma etkisiyle moleküllerin yayımladığı fotoelektronların tayfölçümüdür.
—Tıpta. Morötesi ışınların çok büyük kimyasal etkinliği vardır; birçok tepkimeyi (çözünme, yükseltgenme, vb.) kolaylaştırır; canlı dokuları tahrip edici ve önemli ölçüde bakteri öldürücü etkisi olduğundan fototerapide ve suların sterilizasyonunda kullanılır. Bu uygulamalar kuvarstan cıva buharı lambasıyla yapılır; kuvars, camdan farklı olarak, lambanın yaydığı morötesi ışınları soğurmadan geçirir.
Güneş ışığının yararlı etkileri içinde morötesi ışınların rolü bilindiğinden bu ışınlar bazı deri hastalıklarında yapay helyotropi ya da fotokemoterapi uygulamalarında kullanılır. Ama bu tedavi büsbütün tehlikesiz de değildir, çünkü deri kanserlerinin gelişmesini kolaylaştırabilir.
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